The Rear Side of the Front: Gaza and Its People in World War I

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Abstract

Dotan Halevy

During the First World War, the city of Gaza, a regional hub of forty thousand souls and a major market and exporter of grains, turned into a battlefield. While the military and political consequences of this arena are well researched, this article examines its civil and social aspects as well, in order to better understand the story of the First World War in Palestine. Using both British and Ottoman documentation alongside civil accounts and memoirs, the article discusses the reasons, methods, and effects of the city’s complete evacuation and the massive destruction of its physical environment. The civil perspective of the war reflected in the fate of Gaza poses a challenge to common chronological and spatial presumptions about the war itself, and it allows a rethinking of the Mandate period in the light of postwar circumstances.

Abstract: Dotan Halevy

During the First World War, the city of Gaza, a regional hub of forty thousand souls and a major market and exporter of grains, turned into a battlefield. While the military and political consequences of this arena are well researched, this article examines its civil and social aspects as well, in order to better understand the story of the First World War in Palestine. Using both British and Ottoman documentation alongside civil accounts and memoirs, the article discusses the reasons, methods, and effects of the city’s complete evacuation and the massive destruction of its physical environment. The civil perspective of the war reflected in the fate of Gaza poses a challenge to common chronological and spatial presumptions about the war itself, and it allows a rethinking of the Mandate period in the light of postwar circumstances.

Abstact in Arabic
Abstract in Hebrew
Abstract in Turkish

على الطرف الآخر من الجبهة: غزّة وسكّانها خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى

دوتان هليفي

في معرض الحرب العالمية الأولى، دخلت غزّة – التي اعتبرت في حينه تجمعًا سكانيًا لنحو أربعين ألف نسمة وسوقًا كبيرًا ورئيسًا لتصدير الحبوب – إلى قلب المعركة. لقد وُضعت الأبحاث والدراسات الوافية حول الإسقاطات العسكرية والسياسية لدخول غزّة في الحرب، بينما تولي الدراسة الحالية أهمية خاصة إلى الأبعاد المدنية والاجتماعية بغية المساهمة لفهم أعمق لقصة الحرب العالمية الأولى في فلسطين. عبر الاستناد إلى وثائق بريطانية وأخرى عثمانية إضافة إلى مواد وذكريات، تسعى الدراسة الحالية إلى مناقشة أسباب وأساليب ونتائج إخلاء المدينة برمتها من السكان والهدم المكثّف للبيئة المادية للمدينة. ينعكس المنظور المدني للحرب في مصير مدينة غزّة، ذلك المصير الذي يضع أمامنا تحديًا للتعامل مع فرضيات زمانية وحيّزية بشأن الحرب ذاتها، ويمنحنا الفرصة للتفكير مجدّدًا بالفترة الانتدابية في فلسطين في ضوء النتائج التي تبدّت بعد توقّف آلة الحرب.

צדה האחורי של החזית: עזה ותושביה במלחמת העולם הראשונה

דותן הלוי

במלחמת העולם הראשונה הפכה עזה – מרכז אזורי ובו כ-40 אלף נפש, ושוק סחר ויצוא מרכזי של תבואה – לשדה קרב. התוצאות הצבאיות והפוליטיות שהושגו בזירה זו נחקרו היטב, אך מאמר זה בוחן גם את ההיבטים האזרחיים והחברתיים שהתקיימו בזירה כדי לעמוד על מלוא משמעותו של סיפור מלחמת העולם הראשונה בארץ ישראל. באמצעות תעודות בריטיות ועות’מניות לצד תיאורים וממוארים אזרחיים דן המאמר בסיבות, בשיטות ובהשפעות של פינויה המוחלט של העיר וההרס המסיבי של סביבתה הפיזית. נקודת המבט האזרחית של המלחמה כפי שהיא משתקפת בגורלה של עזה מציבה סימני שאלה מול ההנחות הכרונולוגיות והמרחביות המקובלות על המלחמה עצמה ומאפשרת חשיבה מחודשת על תקופת המנדט לאור התנאים ששררו לאחר המלחמה.

Cephe Arkası: I. Dünya Savaşında Gazze ve İnsanları

Dotan Halevy

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında kırk bin kişilik merkez, tahıl ithalatçısı ve büyük bir ekonomik Pazar olan Gazze savaş alanına döndü. Bu arenanın askeri ve siyasi sonuçları iyice araştırılmış olsa da, bu makale Filistin’de Birinci Dünya Savaşının hikayesini daha iyi anlayabilmek için konunun sivil ve sosyal yönünü de ele alır. Makale İngiliz ve Osmanlı belgelerinin yanısıra bireysel anlatımlar ve anıları da değerlendirerek şehrin boşaltılması ve toplu yıkımının nedenleri, metotları ve sonuçlarını tartışır. Gazze’nin kaderinin savaşın bireysel perspektifinden ele alınması savaşla ilgili yaygın kronolojik ve uzamsal varsayımlara karşı tezler ortaya koymakta ve savaş sonrası dönemdeki koşulların ışığında Manda Dönemi üzerine yeniden düşünmeye olanak vermektedir.

Abstact in Arabic: على الطرف الآخر من الجبهة: غزّة وسكّانها خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى

دوتان هليفي

في معرض الحرب العالمية الأولى، دخلت غزّة – التي اعتبرت في حينه تجمعًا سكانيًا لنحو أربعين ألف نسمة وسوقًا كبيرًا ورئيسًا لتصدير الحبوب – إلى قلب المعركة. لقد وُضعت الأبحاث والدراسات الوافية حول الإسقاطات العسكرية والسياسية لدخول غزّة في الحرب، بينما تولي الدراسة الحالية أهمية خاصة إلى الأبعاد المدنية والاجتماعية بغية المساهمة لفهم أعمق لقصة الحرب العالمية الأولى في فلسطين. عبر الاستناد إلى وثائق بريطانية وأخرى عثمانية إضافة إلى مواد وذكريات، تسعى الدراسة الحالية إلى مناقشة أسباب وأساليب ونتائج إخلاء المدينة برمتها من السكان والهدم المكثّف للبيئة المادية للمدينة. ينعكس المنظور المدني للحرب في مصير مدينة غزّة، ذلك المصير الذي يضع أمامنا تحديًا للتعامل مع فرضيات زمانية وحيّزية بشأن الحرب ذاتها، ويمنحنا الفرصة للتفكير مجدّدًا بالفترة الانتدابية في فلسطين في ضوء النتائج التي تبدّت بعد توقّف آلة الحرب.
Abstract in Hebrew: צדה האחורי של החזית: עזה ותושביה במלחמת העולם הראשונה

דותן הלוי

במלחמת העולם הראשונה הפכה עזה – מרכז אזורי ובו כ-40 אלף נפש, ושוק סחר ויצוא מרכזי של תבואה – לשדה קרב. התוצאות הצבאיות והפוליטיות שהושגו בזירה זו נחקרו היטב, אך מאמר זה בוחן גם את ההיבטים האזרחיים והחברתיים שהתקיימו בזירה כדי לעמוד על מלוא משמעותו של סיפור מלחמת העולם הראשונה בארץ ישראל. באמצעות תעודות בריטיות ועות’מניות לצד תיאורים וממוארים אזרחיים דן המאמר בסיבות, בשיטות ובהשפעות של פינויה המוחלט של העיר וההרס המסיבי של סביבתה הפיזית. נקודת המבט האזרחית של המלחמה כפי שהיא משתקפת בגורלה של עזה מציבה סימני שאלה מול ההנחות הכרונולוגיות והמרחביות המקובלות על המלחמה עצמה ומאפשרת חשיבה מחודשת על תקופת המנדט לאור התנאים ששררו לאחר המלחמה.
Abstract in Turkish: Cephe Arkası: I. Dünya Savaşında Gazze ve İnsanları

Dotan Halevy

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında kırk bin kişilik merkez, tahıl ithalatçısı ve büyük bir ekonomik Pazar olan Gazze savaş alanına döndü. Bu arenanın askeri ve siyasi sonuçları iyice araştırılmış olsa da, bu makale Filistin’de Birinci Dünya Savaşının hikayesini daha iyi anlayabilmek için konunun sivil ve sosyal yönünü de ele alır. Makale İngiliz ve Osmanlı belgelerinin yanısıra bireysel anlatımlar ve anıları da değerlendirerek şehrin boşaltılması ve toplu yıkımının nedenleri, metotları ve sonuçlarını tartışır. Gazze’nin kaderinin savaşın bireysel perspektifinden ele alınması savaşla ilgili yaygın kronolojik ve uzamsal varsayımlara karşı tezler ortaya koymakta ve savaş sonrası dönemdeki koşulların ışığında Manda Dönemi üzerine yeniden düşünmeye olanak vermektedir.

Categories: Articles Summer 2015, Vol. 5, No. 1 Summer 2015 Tags: British Mandate Palestine, Dotan Halevy, Gaza, History, Middle Eastern Studies, Modern Middle East, Ottoman Empire, Palestine, WWI

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The Rear Side of the Front: Gaza and Its People in World War I

Product Description

Dotan Halevy

Dotan Halevy

צדה האחורי של החזית: עזה ותושביה במלחמת העולם הראשונה

צדה האחורי של החזית: עזה ותושביה במלחמת העולם הראשונה

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